Nǐ bìxū yào zhīdào de-guānyú xùdiànchí shǐyòng yǔ wéihù zhōng de jǐ dà wèntí (1) xùdiànchí de xínghào shìbié gùdìng xíng xùdiànchí yòng sān gè bùfèn huò sì gè bùfèn biǎoshì, rú GG-360, dì yī gè G biǎoshì gùdìng xíng xùdiànchí, dì èr gè G biǎoshì guǎn shì zhèngjí bǎn,360 biǎoshì ān shí shù wèi 360A•h; yòu rú DG-232,D biǎoshì chē yòng de gùdìng xíng xùdiànchí,G biǎoshì tā de zhèngjí bǎn wèi guǎn shì de,232 biǎoshì shì 232A•h. Yídòng shì diànchí rú 3CJ-12,S biǎoshì dān tǐ diànchí gè shù wèi 3 gè, zé diànyā wèi 6V,CJ biǎoshì guījiāo xùdiànchí,12 biǎoshì ān shí shù wèi 12A.H; yòu rú 6CJ-180, jí biǎoshì yǒu 6 gè dān tǐ diànchí, diànyā wèi 12V,CJ biǎoshì guījiāo xùdiànchí,180 jí wèi 180A•h. Hái yǒu yīxiē qítā xínghào, rú 3-Q-12, jí wèi 6V, qǐdòng xíng diànchí (Q),12A•h;6-Q-180, jí wèi 12V, qǐdòng xíng diànchí (Q),180A•h;QA biǎoshì gàn hé shì qǐdòng xíng xùdiànchí;M biǎoshì mótuō chē yòng xùdiànchí, rú S-MA-12 jí wèi 6V,12A.H, gàn hé shì mótuō chē yòng xùdiànchí. (2) Xùdiànchí de chōngdiàn fāngshì ① héng liú chōngdiàn fǎ suǒwèi héng liú chōngdiàn fǎ, jiùshì zài chōngdiàn guòchéng zhōng chōngdiàn diànliú shǐzhōng bǎochí bù biàn de chōngdiàn fāngfǎ. Wèi bǎochí héng liú zé diànyuán de diànyā bìxū zhújiàn zēnggāo, bǎochí chōngdiàn diànliú bùzhì yīn xùdiànchí duān diànyā de shēng gāo ér jiǎn xiǎo. Cǐ fǎ de quēdiǎn shì chōngdiàn mòqí diànliú tài dà, diànnéng wúyì de xiāohào zài diànjiě shuǐshàng. ② Fēnjí héng liú chōngdiàn kāishǐyòng jiào dà de diànliú jìnxíng chōngdiàn (1/10 róngliàng de diànliú), jīngguò duàn shíjiān hòu gǎi yòng 1/20 róngliàng de diànliú chōngdiàn, mòqí diànliú kěyǐ gèng xiǎo yīxiē (rú 1/30 róngliàng de diànliú). Zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ chōngdiàn xiàolǜ gāo, duì xùdiànchí de shòumìng yǒu hǎochù, quēdiǎn shì yào bùduàn tiáojié diànliú zhí, bǐjiào máfan. ③ Héng yā chōngdiàn suǒwèi héng yā chōngdiàn fǎ jiùshì zài chōngdiàn guòchéng zhōng, chōngdiàn diànyā shǐzhōng bǎochí bù biàn de fāngfǎ. Cǐ fǎ kāishǐ shí diànliú hěn dà, chāoguò zhèngcháng de chōngdiàn diànliú, dàn suí diànchí duān diànyā de shàngshēng, chōngdiàn diànliú jiù zhújiàn jiǎn xiǎo, zuìhòu diànliú biàn dé hěn xiǎo, bù huì fāshēngguò chōng, kěyǐ bùyòng rén guǎn tā. Quēdiǎn shì kāishǐ shí diànliú tài dà, yào sǔnshāng jí bǎnhé shǐ huóxìng wùzhí tuōluò. Qìchē duì wǎngwǎng yòng zhè zhǒng fāngfǎ chōngdiàn, dàn tā bùnéng jìnxíng chū chōngdiàn hé qù liúsuān yán huà de chōngdiàn. ③ Màichōng chōngdiàn fǎyào tígāo xùdiànchí de chōngdiàn sùdù, yòu bù yǐngxiǎng diànchí de shòumìng hé xìngnéng, jiù yào zǐxì fēnxī diànchí de chōngdiàn guòchéng. Shǐ diànchí chōngdiàn màn de zhǔyào yuányīn shì: Diànchí zhōng yǒu nóng chà jí huà hé diàn huàxué jí huà cúnzài. Nóng chà jí huà shì yīnwèi huàxué zuòyòng zhōng de kuòsàn yùndòng hěn màn zàochéng de, lìngwài, yóuyú chōngdiàn guòchéng zhōng shuǐ de diànjiě shǐ H2 bāowéi fùjí,O2 bāowéile zhèngjí, cóng'ér tígāole diànjí diànwèi, zhè duì chōngdiàn bùlì, suǒyǐ yào shǐ chōngdiàn sùdù kuài jiù yào mónǐ diànchí zhōng de shíjì huàxué fǎnyìng guòchéng, shèfǎ xiāochú bù lìyú chōngdiàn de yīnsù, suǒyǐ jiù shèjìle màichōng chōngdiàn, qí bùzhòu shì: Zhèng màichōng chōngdiàn →qián xiē →fù màichōng shùnjiān fàngdiàn (fǎn chōng qù jí huà)→hòu xiē →zhèng màichōng chōngdiàn. Rúcǐ xúnhuán wǎngfù, fǎn xiàng màichōng shēndù yībān wèi chōngdiàn diànliú de 1.5~3 Bèi, màichōng kuāndù wèi 150~1000ms, qián xiē yǔ hòu xiē de shíjiān yuē wèi 25ms, quán guòchéng yòng jìsuànjī zìdòng kòngzhì. Shǐ yòng shàngshù de màichōng chōngdiàn jī, kěyǐ shǐ chōngdiàn xiàolǜ dà wéi tígāo. Yuánlái chū chōngdiàn shíjiān wèi 50~60h, xiànzài zhǐyào 5h; yuánlái bǔchōng chōngdiàn shíjiān shì 13h zuǒyòu, xiànzài zhǐyào 1h jí kě, érqiě màichōng chōngdiàn jiāshēnle fǎnyìng shēndù, shǐ xùdiànchí de róngliàng yǒu suǒ zēngjiā, bìngqiě qù liúsuān yán huà de xiàoguǒ jiào hǎo. Quēdiǎn shì chūqì lǜ gāo, duì huóxìng wùzhí de chōngshuā lì dà, shǐ huóxìng wùzhí róngyì tuōluò, yīdìng chéngdù shàng yǐngxiǎngle xùdiànchí de shòumìng. (3) Xīn diànchí de chū chōngdiàn xīn xùdiànchí huò xīn xiūfù de xùdiànchí chūcì chōngdiàn de hǎo huài, zhíjiē yǐngxiǎng tā de róngliàng de shòumìng, yīncǐ wùbì rènzhēn jìnxíng. Diànjiě yè liúsuān de xiāngduì mìdù yībān wèi 1.251.285, Tiān lěngle xiāngduì mìdù jiù piān dà xiē, dàn bùnéng suíbiàn chāoyuè fànwéi, yīnwèi zhèyàng xiāngduì mìdù de liúsuān dǎodiàn xìng zuì hǎo, bīngdiǎn wēndù dī, duì xùdiànchí de shòumìng yě hǎo. Jiā zhù diànjiě yè hòu yào jìng zhì 5~6h, dài wēndù dī yú 35℃shí zài jìnxíng chōngdiàn (diànjiě yè miàn yào gāo chū jí bǎn 15mm); chōngdiàn shí xùdiànchí de zhèng, fùjí yǔ chōngdiàn jī de zhèng, fùjí xiānglián, bùnéng jiē fǎn.(Yù liǎojiě gèng duō diànchí chōngdiàn zhùyì shìxiàng qǐng fǎngwèn tycorun.Com ) chōngdiàn guòchéng tōngcháng fēn liǎng gè jiēduàn, dì yī jiēduàn yòng C/10~C/15 diànliú chōngdiàn, dài duān diànyā dá 2.4V zuǒyòu, gǎi yòng C/20 huò C/30 chōngdiàn, xiāngduì mìdù hé diànyā liánxù 3h wěndìng bù biàn wéizhǐ, quánbù shíjiān yuē wèi 60h. Chōngdiàn guòchéng zhōng yīng jīngcháng cèliáng diànjiě yè wēndù, rú wēndù shàngshēng dào 40℃, yīng jiāng diànliú jiǎn bàn, rú wēndù jìxù shàngshēng, yīng lìjí tíngzhǐ chōngdiàn, bìng cǎiqǔ réngōng lěngquè, dài lěngquè dào 35℃yǐxià shí zài chōngdiàn chū chōngdiàn wánbì shí, rú diànjiě yè xiāngduì mìdù bùhé guīdìng, yìngyòng zhēng guǎn shuǐ huò xiāngduì mìdù wèi 1.2 De liúsuān diànjiě yè jìnxíng tiáozhěng, tiáozhěng hòu zài chōngdiàn 2h; rú xiāngduì mìdù réng bù fúhé guīdìng, yīng zài tiáozhěng, zài chōngdiàn 2h, zhízhì xiāngduì mìdù fúhé guīdìng wéizhǐ. Xīn diànchí dì yī cì chōngdiàn hòu wǎngwǎng dá bù dào édìng róngliàng, yīng jìnxíng chōng fàngdiàn xúnhuán, yòng 20h fàngdiàn, ránhòu zài chōngdiàn, jìn háng liǎng, sāncì xúnhuán. Xīn diànchí zhī suǒyǐ yào jìnxíng chōng fàngdiàn xúnhuán, qí mùdì shì shǐ xīn xùdiànchí zài chúcún shí jí bǎn shàng shēngchéng de PbSO4 quánbù zhuǎnhuà wéi huóxìng wùzhí, huīfùjí bǎn de duōkǒng xìng, gǎishàn jí bǎn yǔ diànjiě yè de jiēchù qíngkuàng, shǐ xùdiànchí nénggòu shūchū qí édìng róngliàng. Yīncǐ, zài yǒu tiáojiàn dì dìfāng, dōu yìngduì xīn xùdiànchí jìnxíng chōng fàngdiàn xúnhuán. Chū chōngdiàn shí zuì hǎo yòng xiǎo diànliú, yīnwèi xùdiànchí zài chúcún guòchéng zhōng, jí bǎn kěnéng yǒu yībùfèn liúhuà, shǐ nèi zǔ zēng dà, chōngdiàn shí yìyú guòrè. Yòng xiǎo diànliú chōngdiàn, bùjǐn kě shǐ huàxué fǎnyìng shēnrù jí bǎn nèibù, hái kě bìmiǎn wēndùguò gāo, bìng duì xiāochú liúhuà yǒu yīdìng de zuòyòng. Quèdìng xùdiànchí shìfǒu yǐjīng chōngzú diàn zhǔyào gēnjù sān gè xiànxiàng lái pànduàn: ① Xùdiànchí nèibù jīliè fàngchū dàliàng qìpào, diànjiě yè shì “fèiténg” zhuàngtài; ② xùdiànchí dāngè diànyā dádào 2.7V bìng bǎochí 3h bù biàn; ③ diànjiě yè xiāngduì mìdù dá zuìdà zhí, qiě 3h bù zài zēngjiā. Zhè shì yīnwèi suízhe chōngdiàn de jìnxíng, dāng dāngè diànchí de diànyā dádào 2.4V shí, qí jí bǎn shàng de PbSO4 jīhū dōu yǐ fēnbié zhuǎnbiàn wèi PbO2 hé hǎimián zhuàng Pb, rú zài jìxù chōngdiàn, jiù huì yǐnqǐ shuǐ de fēnjiě, chǎnshēng qīngqì hé yǎngqì yǐ qìpào de xíngshì jùliè fàngchū, xíngchéng “fèiténg” zhuàngtài. Yóuyú qīng lízǐ zài fùjí bǎn shàng yǔ diànzǐ jiéhé dé jiào màn, yúshì kàojìn fùjí bǎn chù jīcún yǒu dàliàng qīng lízǐ, shǐ diànjiě yè de jí bǎn zhíjiē chǎnshēngle 0.33V de diànwèi chā. Yīncǐ shǐ dāngè diànchí de duān diànyā shēng gāo dào 2.7V zuǒyòu, zài zé yóuyú jí bǎn shàng de liúsuān qiān yǐ quánbù zhuǎnhuà wánbì, yīncǐ diànjiě yè de xiāngduì mìdù yě jiù bù zài zēngjiā, zhè shí jiù biǎoshì xùdiànchí yǐjīng chōngzú diànle. Guījiāo xùdiànchí bù xū diào suān jiā suān, zhǔyào zhǎngwò chōngdiàn shíjiān hé guānchá diànyā. (4) Gàn hé xùdiànchí gàn hé xùdiànchí de zhǔyào tèxìng shì jí bǎn jùyǒu gàn hé diàn xìngnéng. Dàjiā zhīdào, zhèngjí bǎn de huóxìng wùzhí——PbO2 de huàxué huóxìng bǐjiào wěndìng, suǒyǐ, gàn hé xùdiànchí de zhèngjí bǎn hé diàn xìngnéng néng chángqí bǎochí, dànshì, fùjí bǎn shàng de huóxìng wùzhí——hǎimián zhuàng Pb de hé diàn xìngnéng jiù bùyì bǎochí, zhè shì yīnwèi hǎimián zhuàng qiān de biǎomiànjī dà, huàxué huóxìng gāo, hěn róngyì bèi kōngqì zhòng de yǎng suǒ yǎnghuà. Gàn hé xùdiànchí zài huàchéng gōngxù zhòng yào cǎiyòng fǎnfù chōngdiàn, fàngdiàn, shǐ huóxìng wùzhí de xíngchéng dádào shēnkè, chèdǐ, zhèng, fùjí bǎn jūn rúcǐ. Dàn fùjí bǎn chú cǐ zhī wài, hái yào jiějué yì yǎnghuà, nán bǎocún de wèntí, suǒyǐ zài shēngchǎn fù jí bǎn shí, qí zhòng yào jiārù shìliàng de fáng yǎnghuàjì, rú sōngxiāng,U-jīng jī,b-nài suān, tīngjī yìng zhī suān hé pā má chún suān děng zhǎng liàn zhīfángsuān, yángmáo zhī (dǎngùchún) hé gāo fēnzǐ zhī lèi de huàhéwù. (5) Xùdiànchí fàngdiàn diànliú yuè dà, wēndù yuè dī, xùdiànchí de róngliàng yuè xiǎo zhè shì yīnwèi diànliú yuè dà, huàxué fǎnyìng yuè kuài, jí bǎn biǎomiàn huóxìng wùzhí bùnéng cānjiā huàxué fǎnyìng, yīncǐ xùdiànchí shíjì shūchū de róngliàng jiù huì jiǎnshǎo. Rú édìng róngliàng wèi 90A·h de diànchí, zài diànjiě yè wēndù wèi 30℃de qíngkuàng xià, yǐ 270A(xiāngdāng yú 3 bèi de édìng róngliàng) de dà diànliú fàngdiàn, dào dāngè diànyā xiàjiàng dào 1.5V shí, zhǐ néng wéichí fàngdiàn 5min, zé cǐ shí suǒ shūchū de diànliàng (jí róngliàng) zhǐyǒu A·h, qí róngliàng jǐn wèi édìng róngliàng de 1/4. Wēndù yuè dī, xùdiànchí de róngliàng yuè xiǎo. Zhè shì yīnwèi diànjiě yè wēndù yuè dī, bùjǐn diànzǔ zēng dà érqiě diànjiě yè de niándù zēng dà, shǐ diànjiě yè shènrù jí bǎn nèi céng kùnnán, fàngdiàn shí jí bǎn nèi céng de huóxìng wùzhí bùnéng chōngfèn lìyòng, suǒyǐ shíjì shūchū de róngliàng yě huì jiǎnshǎo. Rú yǐ édìng róngliàng wèi 90A·h de xùdiànchí wéi lì, zài diànjiě yè wēndù wèi-18℃de qíngkuàng xià, yǐ 270A fàngdiàn, dào dāngè diànyā jiàng dào 1V shí, zhǐ néng wéichí fàngdiàn 2.5Min, zhè shí shíjì néng shūchū de diànliàng zhǐyǒu, jǐn wèi édìng róngliàng de 1/8. Yībān qíngkuàng xià, dāng diànjiě yè wēndù dī yú 30℃shí, wēndù měi jiàngdī 1℃, xiǎo diànchí fàngdiàn shí, xùdiànchí róngliàng yuē jiǎn xiǎo 1%, dà diànliú fàngdiàn shí, róngliàng yuē jiǎn xiǎo 2%.(1) Shì zhōng,U zài xiǎo diànliú fàngdiàn shí wèi 0.01, Zài dà diànliú fàngdiàn shí wèi 0.02, Suǒyǐ dōngtiān yòng qǐdòng jī qǐdòng fādòngjī shí, fàngdiàn diànliú jì dà, wēndù yòu dī, xùdiànchí róngliàng dàdà jiǎnshǎo, shǐ rén gǎnjué diànchí róngliàng bùzú. (6) Xùdiànchí de nèi zǔ xùdiànchí de nèi zǔ bāokuò jí bǎn diànzǔ, gé bǎn diànzǔ hé diànjiě yè diànzǔ, bìng suí chōngdiàn qíngkuàng hé wēndù děng yīnsù ér biàn. Rú chōngdiàn hòu nèi zǔ biàn xiǎo, fàngdiàn hòu nèi zǔ biàn dà; diànjiě yè wēndù gāo nèi zǔ jiǎn xiǎo, wēndù dī zé nèi zǔ zēng dà; xùdiànchí zhèngcháng shí nèi zǔ xiǎo, liúsuān yán huà shí nèi zǔ zēng dà. Yībān lái shuō, xùdiànchí de nèi zǔ jiào xiǎo, pǔtōng 5V xùdiànchí de nèi zǔ xiǎnzhù zēng dà, nèi zǔ guo dà de zhǔyào tèzhēng shì, chōngdiàn shí diànchí de diànyā gāo, diànjiě yè wēndù yě gāo; fàngdiàn shí diànyā dī, fàngdiàn róngliàng yě dī. Rú fà xiàn xùdiànchí nèi zǔ guo dà, yīng shǒuxiān jiǎnchá diànchí de jí bǎn shìfǒu liúhuà, ruòshì yóu liúhuà zàochéng de, zé yòng xiǎo diànliú cháng shíjiān chōngdiàn, xiāochú liúhuà; ruòshì hànjiē bùliáng yǐnqǐ de, zé yīng chóngxīn hàn láo. 展开 3,416 / 5,000 翻译结果 What you must know-several problems in the use and maintenance of batteries

What you must know-several problems in the use and maintenance of batteries

(1) Type identification of the battery

Fixed battery is represented by three parts or four parts, such as GG-360, the first G represents fixed battery, the second G represents tubular positive plate, and 360 represents 360A h; -232, D represents the fixed battery for vehicles, G represents that its positive plate is tubular, and 232 represents 232A•h.

Mobile batteries such as 3CJ-12, S means that the number of single cells is 3, then the voltage is 6V, CJ means silicone battery, 12 means that the ampere hour is 12A.h; another example is 6CJ-180, which means that there are 6 Single battery, the voltage is 12V, CJ means silicone battery, 180 is 180A•h. There are some other models, such as 3-Q-12, which is 6V, starter battery (Q), 12A•h; 6-Q-180, which is 12V, starter battery (Q), 180A•h; QA Indicates dry-load starter battery; M represents motorcycle battery, such as S-MA-12, which is 6V, 12A.h, dry-load motorcycle battery.

(2) How to charge the battery

①Constant current charging method The so-called constant current charging method is a charging method in which the charging current remains unchanged during the charging process. In order to maintain the constant current, the voltage of the power supply must be gradually increased to keep the charging current from decreasing due to the increase of the battery terminal voltage. The disadvantage of this method is that the current at the end of the charging is too large, and the electric energy is uselessly consumed in the electrolytic water.

②Classified constant current charging starts with a larger current (1/10 capacity current), after a period of time, it is switched to 1/20 capacity current charging, and the final current can be smaller (such as 1/30 capacity current) ). This method has high charging efficiency and is good for the life of the battery. The disadvantage is that it is troublesome to constantly adjust the current value.

③Constant voltage charging The so-called constant voltage charging method is a method in which the charging voltage remains unchanged during the charging process. At the beginning of this method, the current is very large, which exceeds the normal charging current, but as the battery terminal voltage rises, the charging current gradually decreases, and finally the current becomes very small, and overcharging will not occur, so you can leave it alone. The disadvantage is that the current is too large at the beginning, which will damage the plate and make the active material fall off. Car teams often use this method to charge, but it cannot perform initial charging and desulfation charging.

③ Pulse charging method To improve the charging speed of the battery without affecting the life and performance of the battery, it is necessary to carefully analyze the charging process of the battery. The main reason for slow battery charging is the existence of concentration polarization and electrochemical polarization in the battery. Concentration polarization is caused by the slow diffusion movement in chemical action. In addition, due to the electrolysis of water during the charging process, H2 surrounds the negative electrode and O2 surrounds the positive electrode, thereby increasing the electrode potential, which is not good for charging. If the charging speed is fast, it is necessary to simulate the actual chemical reaction process in the battery and try to eliminate the factors that are not conducive to charging. Therefore, pulse charging is designed. The steps are: positive pulse charging → pre-break → negative pulse instantaneous discharge (reverse charge depolarization ) → post-break → positive pulse charging. In this cycle, the reverse pulse depth is generally 1.5~3 times the charging current, the pulse width is 150~1000μs, the time between the first and last rest is about 25ms, and the whole process is automatically controlled by a computer.

Using the above-mentioned pulse charger can greatly improve the charging efficiency. Originally, the initial charging time was 50~60h, but now it only takes 5h; the original supplementary charging time is about 13h, but now it only takes 1h, and the pulse charging deepens the reaction depth, increases the capacity of the battery, and removes the effect of sulfation. better. The disadvantage is that the outgassing rate is high, and the scouring force on the active material is large, which makes the active material fall off easily, which affects the life of the battery to a certain extent.

(3) Initial charge of new battery

The quality of the initial charging of a new battery or a newly repaired battery directly affects the life of its capacity, so it must be carried out carefully. The relative density of the electrolyte sulfuric acid is generally 1.251.285, and the relative density is larger when the weather is cold, but it cannot exceed the range casually, because the relative density of sulfuric acid has the best conductivity, low freezing point temperature, and good battery life. After adding the electrolyte, let it stand for 5~6 hours, and then charge when the temperature is lower than 35 ℃ (the electrolyte level should be 15mm higher than the plate); the positive and negative electrodes of the battery are connected to the positive and negative electrodes of the charger during charging. Cannot be reversed. (For more battery charging precautions visit tycorun.com
)

The charging process is usually divided into two stages. The first stage is charged with C/10~C/15 current. When the terminal voltage reaches about 2.4V, it is switched to C/20 or C/30 charging. The relative density and voltage are stable for 3 hours. So far, the total time is about 60h. During the charging process, the temperature of the electrolyte should be measured frequently. If the temperature rises to 40 °C, the current should be halved. If the temperature continues to rise, the charging should be stopped immediately, and artificial cooling should be adopted. Recharge when it cools down to below 35 °C.
When the initial charging is completed, if the relative density of the electrolyte does not meet the regulations, it should be adjusted with distilled water or sulfuric acid electrolyte with a relative density of 1.2, and then charged for 2 hours after adjustment; if the relative density still does not meet the regulations, it should be adjusted again and charged for 2 hours , until the relative density meets the requirements.

The new battery often fails to reach the rated capacity after the first charge, so it should be charged and discharged for 20h, and then recharged for two or three cycles. The reason why the new battery needs to be charged and discharged is to convert all the PbSO4 generated on the electrode plate of the new battery into active substances during storage, restore the porosity of the electrode plate, improve the contact between the electrode plate and the electrolyte, and make the battery. capable of outputting its rated capacity. Therefore, where conditions permit, the new battery should be charged and discharged.

It is best to use a small current during initial charging, because during the storage process of the battery, a part of the plate may be vulcanized, which increases the internal resistance and is prone to overheating during charging. Charging with a small current can not only make the chemical reaction penetrate into the inside of the plate, but also avoid excessive temperature and have a certain effect on eliminating vulcanization. Determining whether the battery is fully charged is mainly based on three phenomena:

①A large number of bubbles are violently released inside the battery, and the electrolyte is in a “boiling” state;
②The single voltage of the battery reaches 2.7V and remains unchanged for 3h;
③ The relative density of the electrolyte reaches the maximum value, and does not increase for 3h.
This is because with the progress of charging, when the voltage of a single battery reaches 2.4V, almost all of the PbSO4 on the plate has been converted into PbO2 and spongy Pb, respectively. Hydrogen and oxygen are released violently in the form of bubbles, forming a “boiling” state.

Since hydrogen ions combine with electrons slowly on the negative plate, a large amount of hydrogen ions are accumulated near the negative plate, which directly produces a potential difference of 0.33V on the electrode plate of the electrolyte. Therefore, the terminal voltage of a single battery is raised to about 2.7V, and since the lead sulfate on the electrode plate has been completely converted, the relative density of the electrolyte will no longer increase, which means that the battery is fully charged. Silicone batteries do not need to adjust acid and add acid, mainly to control the charging time and observe the voltage.

(4) Dry-charged battery

The main characteristic of dry-charge batteries is that the plates have dry-charging properties. As we all know, the chemical activity of the active material of the positive plate – PbO2 is relatively stable, so the charging performance of the positive plate of the dry-charge battery can be maintained for a long time, but the active material of the negative plate – the charging performance of sponge Pb is not easy. It is maintained because of the large surface area and high chemical activity of spongy lead, which is easily oxidized by oxygen in the air.

In the formation process of dry-charged batteries, repeated charging and discharging should be used to make the formation of active substances profound and thorough, both for the positive and negative plates. However, in addition to this, the negative plate must also solve the problems of easy oxidation and difficult preservation. Therefore, when producing the negative plate, an appropriate amount of antioxidants should be added, such as rosin, У-hydroxyl, β-naphthoic acid, and hydrocarbon-based stearin. Compounds of long-chain fatty acids such as acid and palmoleic acid, lanolin (cholesterol), and high molecular lipids.

(5) The larger the battery discharge current, the lower the temperature, and the smaller the battery capacity.

This is because the larger the current, the faster the chemical reaction, and the active substances on the surface of the plate cannot participate in the chemical reaction, so the actual output capacity of the battery will be reduced. For example, a battery with a rated capacity of 90A h is discharged with a large current of 270A (equivalent to 3 times the rated capacity) when the electrolyte temperature is 30°C. When the single voltage drops to 1.5V, the discharge can only be maintained. 5min, then the output power (ie capacity) at this time is only A h, and its capacity is only 1/4 of the rated capacity.

The lower the temperature, the smaller the capacity of the battery. This is because the lower the temperature of the electrolyte, not only the resistance but also the viscosity of the electrolyte increases, making it difficult for the electrolyte to penetrate into the inner layer of the electrode plate, and the active material in the inner layer of the electrode plate cannot be fully utilized during discharge, so the actual output capacity is also will decrease. For example, taking a battery with a rated capacity of 90A·h as an example, when the electrolyte temperature is -18°C, the battery is discharged at 270A. When the single voltage drops to 1V, the discharge can only be maintained for 2.5min. The power is only 1/8 of the rated capacity. Under normal circumstances, when the electrolyte temperature is lower than 30 °C, for every 1 °C decrease in temperature, the battery capacity will decrease by about 1% when the small battery is discharged, and the capacity will decrease by about 2% when the large current is discharged.

In the formula, У is 0.01 for small current discharge and 0.02 for high current discharge, so when the engine is started with a starter in winter, the discharge current is large, the temperature is low, and the battery capacity is greatly reduced, making people feel that the battery capacity is insufficient.

(6) Internal resistance of the battery

The internal resistance of the battery includes plate resistance, separator resistance and electrolyte resistance, and changes with factors such as charging conditions and temperature. If the internal resistance becomes smaller after charging, the internal resistance becomes larger after discharging; the internal resistance decreases when the electrolyte temperature is high, and the internal resistance increases when the temperature is low; when the battery is normal, the internal resistance is small, and the internal resistance increases when sulfating. Generally speaking, the internal resistance of the battery is small, and the internal resistance of the ordinary 5V battery increases significantly. The main characteristics of excessive internal resistance are that the battery voltage is high during charging, and the temperature of the electrolyte is also high; the voltage is low during discharging, and the discharge capacity also low.

If it is found that the internal resistance of the battery is too large, you should first check whether the plate of the battery is vulcanized. If it is caused by vulcanization, charge it with a small current for a long time to eliminate the vulcanization; if it is caused by poor welding, it should be re-welded.

(7) Self-discharge of battery

A fully charged battery will gradually lose power when left unused, a phenomenon called “self-discharge”. The main reason for self-discharge is that the material is not pure. If there are impurities in the plate material or in the electrolyte, the potential difference between the impurities and the plates, impurities and impurities is directly generated, forming a closed “local battery”. current to discharge the battery.

Since the battery material cannot be very pure, and the positive electrode and the positive electrode grid (Pb-Sb alloy) themselves also constitute a microbattery, slight self-discharge is unavoidable, and if used improperly, it will accelerate the self-discharge. If the electrolyte is impure, when the iron content reaches 1%, the battery will be discharged within a day and night (because iron is a variable valence metal, it is both an oxidizing agent and a reducing agent, which promotes the spontaneous oxidation-reduction inside the battery. When the battery is covered with an electrolyte to make the positive and negative phases conduct, it will cause self-discharge; if the battery is not used for a long time, the sulfuric acid is delaminated, the relative density of the lower part is larger than that of the upper part, and the potential difference between the plate and the lower part is all Can cause self-discharge.

The battery with serious self-discharge can be completely discharged or over-discharged, so that the impurities on the plate enter the electrolyte, then pour out the electrolyte, carefully clean the battery with steamed water, and finally pour in new electrolyte and recharge That’s it.

(8) Charging of long-term storage batteries

For batteries that have been stored for a long time, due to slight vulcanization on the surface of the plates and an increase in internal resistance, the voltage is relatively high at the beginning of charging. This is not really sufficient electricity, but an illusion. After charging for a period of time, with the decrease of PbSO4, the internal resistance will gradually decrease, and its terminal voltage and voltage will drop again. After that, as the charging progresses, the terminal voltage will continue to rise again until the end of charging.

(9) The difference between the charging characteristics of silicone batteries and the charging and discharging characteristics of lead-acid batteries

The charge and discharge characteristics of silicone batteries are basically similar to those of lead-acid batteries, but the charge and discharge characteristics of silicone batteries are not as obvious as those of lead-acid batteries at the end of charge and discharge, but change slowly. A soft characteristic curve. The initial charging time of silicone batteries can be appropriately shortened. The initial charging time of lead-acid batteries is generally about 60~65h, while the initial charging time of silicone batteries is about 55h. Stir evenly, and the silicone battery has no electrolyte layering phenomenon.

For batteries that have been filled with sulfuric acid solution, if you want to change to silica gel electrolyte, you only need to pour out the sulfuric acid after discharging the lead-acid battery, drain it, and then change to silica gel electrolyte.

(10) The battery is overcharged or overdischarged

Normally used batteries do not need to be overcharged, because overcharging will continuously decompose the water in the electrolyte, release H2 and O2, consume electricity uselessly, and the electrolyte will wash the plates for a long time, affecting the life of the battery. However, batteries that have been put on hold for a long time, batteries that have been depleted for a long time, batteries with slight vulcanization, etc. need to be overcharged with a small current for a long time in order to fully activate the active substances of the battery and make the battery capacity sufficient.

When using the battery, generally do not over-discharge, and stop discharging according to the specified termination voltage, otherwise the battery will often lose power, which will cause the plate to vulcanize. , so that the battery is always kept in a fully charged state, which will prolong the service life of the battery.

For lead-acid or silicone batteries, the termination voltage of full discharge when used as an energy storage battery is generally specified as >1.75V per single voltage (100% capacity discharge). The discharged battery must be recharged in time (not more than 20h), otherwise it will promote the vulcanization of the plate.

(11) Float charging

Floating charging is a mode of operation of the battery (or battery pack), generally running in parallel with the floating charger (or solar engine, etc.) after the battery is fully charged, the DC load current is supplied by the floating charger, and the floating charger also When charging, when the external DC load suddenly increases (or the light suddenly stops), the battery will supply power to ensure the needs of the outside world. If the external load is normal, the battery will start to run in parallel with the floating charger. This operation mode is floating charging. .

The floating charging current during floating charging is generally in the range of very small [0.05~5mA/(A·h)], which can be expressed by an empirical formula (for reference only):

In the formula, Ifc is the output current of the floating charge silicon rectifier device; C10 is the rated capacity of the battery (C5 for the nickel-cadmium battery); Ijc is the constant load current of the DC system.

Because the size of the floating charge current is related to the capacity, age, and grid composition of the battery, the size of the floating charge voltage is generally also specified. At the beginning, China quoted foreign experience and stipulated that the float voltage was between 2.1 and 2.2V. Now, according to practical experience, it is considered that it is more appropriate to specify the float voltage in the range of 2.15 to 2.17V. If the float voltage is too low, the capacity of the battery will decrease over time; if the float voltage is too high, it is easy to overcharge and damage the plates. These problems are often encountered.

In a word, careful and meticulous maintenance of the battery is the key to affecting the electrical performance and service life of the battery. The quality of use and maintenance, that is, whether it can be used in strict accordance with the requirements of the product instruction manual, will affect the electrical performance and service life of the battery. , far more significant than the impact of product structure and production level.

Read more: What are the main costs of a grid-connected PV system?